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At Daggers Drawn (novel)
''At Daggers Drawn'' ((ロシア語:На ножах)) is an anti-nihilist novel by Nikolai Leskov, first published in 1870 (issues 10-12) and 1871 (issues 1-8, 10) by ''The Russian Messenger''. In November 1871 the novel was released as a separate book. The novel's original text has been severely edited by the magazine's staff.
==History==
On October 14, 1871, Leskov informed Pyotr Schebalsky that he found the final part of it being missing from the final version and confessed to being "totally crashed by this novel." "What devastates me is that I am absolutely unaware as to the reason for cuts that's been made in my novel, cuts having nothing to do with normal mode of editing and which are highly detrimental to the novel. Thus, speeches that's been put down in order to show the development of characters and their goals (like that of Forova's intention to lead her husband to God). The specifics of language has been filed down cruelly with most trivial words... the portraits of characters have been much weakened." In April 1871 Leskov wrote to Schebalsky that he was "finishing the novel in haste, just to fulfill my obligations."〔Bukhstab, B. Foreword. The Works by N.S. Leskov in 6 volumes. Pravda Publishers, Moscow, 1973. Vol. 1. Pр. 3—42.〕
As for the quality of the novel, Leskov himself has never had any illusions. "Of all my weaker works, this, I think, is the most happy-go-lucky one," he conceded in 1885.〔The Stockmarket Gazette. - 1885. 19 February 1885.〕 Bound by obligations Leskov was finishing the novel in the most haphazardous manner, quickly and illogically knotting the plot's loose ends in the least probable ways, doing this so hastily, E.S.Ivanova, a family friend, who took it upon herself to make a clean copy of it.〔 On November 18, 1870, Leskov wrote in a letter to ''The Russian Messenger'' that much as he respected the journal, "should the latter weaken its () zeal" he'll have to leave it. This and many other fragments of his correspondence, showed that in no was the novel could be said to have been written "according to Katkov-written receipts," as some critics asserted. Leskov asked Shebalsky, a respected literary critic, close to ''The Russian Messenger'' to exert his influence and protect him from "Lyubimov's tortures", calling the latter "the horrible man, Atilla, the killer of literature."〔The 18 November 1870 letter. The Works by N.S. Leskov. Vol. 10. Pp. 277-278.〕 In other letters to Schebalsky and Alexey Suvorin Leskov explained that what the editor was doing was not editing but for some reason was preventing the author from giving his characters qualities he felt were necessary, major Forov having "suffered most from compromises" he had to take. Another reason for Leskov's haste was the fact that in those days he was completing ''The Cathedral Clergy'' (1866–1872) and ''Grief And Laughter'' (1871), two major works which presented him as a fully fledged author.〔
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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